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Audray K. Harris Stadtman Investigator, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Chief, Structural Informatics Unit National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, NIH Towards the Development of More Efficacious Influenza Vaccines by Structural Analyses of Nanoparticles Abstract   Influenza viruses infect millions of people worldwide on an annual basis and are associated with human mortality and morbidity. Influenza displays antigenic variation of the major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), and as a consequence, vaccines must be formulated each year to match both current and predicted future circulating strains. However, one major challenge is to design influenza vaccine immunogens that can elicit antibodies to conserved epitopes.  Interestingly, there are conserved epitopes within the stem region of HA. Currently, there is an increasing interest in the design and use of nanoparticles as vaccine immunogens for various diseases. However, the structure and epitope display of conserved influenza epitopes on vaccine nanoparticles has not been explored in great de