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According to the more than 300 million people worldwide suffer from depression. .

A recent paper published in the journal explores how a protein named CK2 could be playing a key role. The lead author of the paper,, is a biochemistry student at the  working in Eitan Friedman's CUNY School of Medicine neuroscience lab at The City College of New York.

As the research points out, the most used antidepressants are called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). The problem is that there are 14 different types of serotonin receptors, but it is not known which are the mediators of the therapeutic effect of SSRIs. Castello, along with her team, are the first ones to identify CK2 as a modulator of a serotonin receptor, 5-HT4. Manipulation of CK2 in the brain decreases depressive and anxious states through the 5-HT4 receptor.

Castello says: “Identifying new targets broadens our understanding about the cause of depression as well as the mechanism of action of antidepressants, which could lead to the formulation of new antidepressants that work more efficiently and faster for more people.”

A separate study of CK2’s potential role in Parkinson’s is the subject of another research project at City College. Its findings, published in in December, identify CK2 as a major player in the molecular mechanisms and targets that contribute to modulate L-DOPA induced dyskinesia. L-DOPA is currently the most effective medication available in the market. But a side effect of this drug is that after years of treatment, patients develop involuntary movements that can be debilitating.

The lead author of that paper is , a biochemistry major and City College Fellow now at Johns Hopkins. , a RISE fellow student and lead scientist for dyskinesia at ����Ӱҵ and Castello were also co-authors.

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